🟢 🚧 Drill and blast remains a versatile excavation method for variable rock masses where mechanised methods are unsuitable. Effective delivery depends on a thorough geotechnical investigation and geomechanical assessment, a defensible blast design subject to independent review, and the coordinated provision of temporary support and permanent lining (for example shotcrete, rock bolts or cast concrete) as required by ground conditions. Emphasis is placed on documented control of blast induced vi