Ancient Roman Calendar. Today, most of the West uses the Gregorian calendar, which has its roots in two earlier calendar systems: the Julian calendar and the Roman calendar.

The 304-day calendar year began in March (Martius), named after the Roman god Mars. It continued until December, which was harvest time in temperate Rome. The Romans linked each year to the date ...

Ancient Rome was quite a different story, it added. By 45 BC, the new Julian calendar was created, and the civil year in Rome now officially began on January 1. The Gregorian calendar also ...