Applying this framework, the Court decided that the Fourteenth Amendment made the First, Fourth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments—as well as portions of the Fifth Amendment—binding on state governments.

Just a few months earlier, Congress had passed the 14th Amendment and sent it to the states for ratification. In the second section of the amendment, the antislavery Republicans sought to ...

Two middle school students disciplined for wearing “Let’s Go Brandon” shirts told the court their clothing was political, not ...