Costs have come down, enabling common everyday folks to equip themselves ... machines used to study and create biological and chemical compounds. These machines include DNA and protein ...

The chemical formula of a covalent molecular substance gives the number of atoms per molecule. The formula of a covalent network or ionic compound gives the simplest ratio of atoms/ions in the ...

like O for Oxygen or Mg for Magnesium.Chemical formulas represent compounds or elements where more than one atom are bonded together. They often, but not always, have little numbers called ...