Quantum mechanics has at last been formulated exclusively with real numbers, bringing a mathematical puzzle at the heart of ...

Abstract: The paper is devoted to the model of the photon reflection from the nonperfectly reflecting surface of the solar sail. The model is designed to determine the direction and magnitude of the ...

Abstract: This paper presented the mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and the basic principle and realization of vector control (also called field-oriented control, FOC).

To estimate displacement as a function of distance as shown in Fig. 4 E – G, we set a serious of displacement magnitude u and calculate the total area A with displacement greater than u, and then the ...