The Austrian physicist Boltzmann explained the second law of thermodynamics in statistical terms. He defined the entropy of a system based on the number of possible microstates it could assume.

Daria-Yakovleva, Pixabay, DP A key point about entropy is that it is proportional to the logarithm of the number of possible microstates in a system (as shown by Boltzmann’s law). The more ways ...

Very soon after the Big Bang, the universe enjoyed a brief phase where quarks and gluons roamed freely, not yet joined up ...

Entropy, in Boltzmann’s view, measures the number of ways a system ... Story continues below this ad ⏳Aging: Our cells and proteins gradually accumulate tiny random changes. Reversing those exact ...

If energy input into the system, in the form of cleaning up and putting everything away, the room is returned to a state of order or low entropy. There are numerous equations that derive entropy ...

Discover how Einstein’s theory of special relativity reshaped physics by linking space, time, mass, and energy in a universe governed by the speed of light. Albert Einstein's 1905 theory of ...

This has led to the development of the so-called “non-extensive statistical mechanics,” a generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs-von Neumann-Shannon statistical mechanics proposed by the Greek-Brazilian ...

IN an earlier article entitled “Modern Science and Thomas Hobbes” 1, I remarked that it was especially the law of conservation of energy which inclined thinkers of the nineteenth century to a ...