Most importantly, above the occupied space, while the steel frame is assumed to have a conventional ceiling, the flat slab concrete floors could be partly exposed. One option, which was considered for ...

The same technological innovations that supplied railroads, automobiles, and steel-framed skyscrapers gave rise to decorative metal ceilings. To create the patterns, sheets were pressed between a ...

At the top of the list? Steel frame construction. Steel has emerged as the primary option for homebuilders who need to adhere to new standards in wildfire zones and keep insurance costs at bay for ...

Also, the exposure of timber columns, beams and ceilings provides a distinctive ... But the advances in steel frame construction in the later 19th century allowed for much taller buildings.