Nutcracker esophagus, or hypercontractile esophagus, is a motility (movement) disorder that causes excessively forceful esophageal contractions during swallowing. These intense contractions can ...

Panel A shows the microscopic myoarchitecture of the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the lower esophageal sphincter and stomach. The circular muscle fibers of the esophagus cross each ...

The field of esophagology was transformed by the pioneering work of the late Dr Ray Clouse, who developed color topographic plots to more accurately assess esophageal motility. Clouse's spirit of ...

Tramadol, which does not provide the full analgesic action of other opioids, was not associated with abnormal HRM findings or a hypercontractile esophagus. It could be used to reduce the risk of ...

hypercontractile 'jackhammer' oesophagus and absent peristalsis Sophisticated investigations (for example integrated pressure impedance analysis and impedance planimetry) could reveal subtle ...