For case (C), neutral ANs are almost protonated to become anilinium cations. The final products possess features of polyaniline. For case (B), the samples possess both features from cases (A ...

For [AN]<[HCl], neutral ANs are almost protonated to become anilinium cations. The as-obtained samples possess features of polyaniline. Finally, the formation mechanisms for polymerization of AN ...

The researchers used a hydrophobic, all-organic salt known as fluorinated anilinium benzylphosphonate ... that is able to bind to both anion and cation vacancies, which significantly increases ...