Palma del Río is a city located in the province of Córdoba, Spain. According to the 2006 census by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística…Palma del Río is a city located in the province of Córdoba, Spain. According to the 2006 census by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística, the city has a population of 20,640. The region was intensively developed agriculturally during Arab rule, with advanced irrigation and water wheels. Some of the orange groves contain trees over 200 years old.